APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : How do I Cite?

APA Citation Guides 
This website is organized by source type and provides details about, and examples of, correct APA citations.

To cite an online journal article in a reference entry in APA 7th edition include the following elements:

1. Author(s) of the article: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
2. Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
3. Title of the research article: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
4. Title of periodical: Give the full, non-abbreviated title of the periodical in title case. It should also be italicized.
5. Volume number: The volume number is also italicized.
6. Issue number: For journals that are paginated by issue give the issue number in brackets.
7. Page numbers: Give the full page range.
8. DOI or URL: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) as a hyperlink starting with 'https://doi.org/'. If no DOI can be found, include the URL that directly links to the cited work.

EXAMPLE: Journal article with a DOI

Warren, R., Price, J., Graham, E., Forstenhaeusler, N., & VanDerWal, J. (2018). The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science (New York, N.Y.), 360(6390), 791–795. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3646

To cite a book in a reference entry in APA 7th edition include the following elements:

1. Author(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
2. Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
3. Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalised.
4. Edition number: Include information about the edition if it is not the first.
5. Publisher: Give the name of the publisher but omit terms, such as Publishers, Co., and Inc. Retain the words Books and Press.
6. DOI: Include the DOI, if available.

EXAMPLE: Authored book with a DOI

See, M. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions: Global business aspects. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56908-1

EXAMPLE: Authored book without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version

Hattie, J. (2008). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.

EXAMPLE: Edited book with a DOI, with multiple authors

Raab, M., Lobinger, B., Hoffmann, S. O., Pizzera, A., & Laborde, S. (Eds.). (2015). Performance psychology: Perception, action, cognition, and emotion. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2014-0-03104-8

To cite a webpage in a reference entry in APA 7th edition include the following elements:

1. Author(s) of the webpage: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
2. Date of publication: Give the year, month and day in brackets followed by a full stop, e.g. (2019, June 13).
3. Title of the webpage: Give the title of the specific webpage an italicize.
4. Title of the website: Give the official title of the website.
5. URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http:// or https://).

EXAMPLE: Webpage on a news website

France-Presse, A. (2021, June 10). Child labour worldwide increases for first time in 20 years. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/jun/10/child-labour-worldwide-increases-for-first-time-in-20-years

EXAMPLE: University website

Hamido, K. A., & Essam, J. A. (n.d.). Use of artificial intelligence in forensic analyses. Cairo Medical School. http://www.med.cairo.edu/AANLIB/

EXAMPLE: Blog post

Priyadarshini, S. (n.d.). How outreach blends my worlds as a scientist and mom. Indigenus. http://blogs.nature.com/indigenus/2021/05/how-outreach-blends-my-worlds-as-a-scientist-and-mom.html

EXAMPLE: Website with no author

Neuroscience. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved June 6, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Neuroscience

EXAMPLE: Government website

Egyptian Center for Nuclear Energy. (n.d.). Becoming a research volunteer. https://www.ECNE.gov/cne/sites/default/files/ohrp/research/ brochures/3panelfinal.pdf